Chartered Accountants for Indians in Dubai. Starting with the AED 3,750 you leave on the table every year.

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Tax Notice Help

148, 143(2), 245, 139(9), handled end-to-end

Tax Representation

Section 288 AR, we attend, you don't fly

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Free Q&A with our NRI tax specialists

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Our step-by-step process

Transparent Pricing

How NRI CA fees work, no markup

NRI ITR Filing

Our CAs file your ITR-2/3 from abroad

Best CA for NRIs

How to choose an NRI CA, honest criteria

DTAA TDS Recovery

Cut 30% NRO TDS to treaty rate, recover past years

Past-Year DTAA Recovery

Belated returns + Section 119(2)(b) condonation

Form 10F / 41 Filing

TRC + Form 10F + ITR, end-to-end

Property Sale Form 13

Section 197, cut 12.5% TDS before the deed

Inherited Property Tax

2001 FMV step-up, Section 112, sale planning

Pre-Purchase Tax Review

Before a big India property buy

Repatriation Unblock

15CA/15CB, USD 1M scheme, bank desk

HNI NRI Tax

Senior-CA advisory for large cross-border events

GIFT City / IFSC Tax

IFSC FCY interest exempt, ITR + DTAA

RSU / ESOP India Tax

Cross-border vest split, Schedule FA, FTC

Stocks / Equity Redemption

Equity exit gains + repatriation

SGB Redemption

Sovereign Gold Bond redemption tax

EPF / PF Withdrawal

5-year rule, Section 192A, refund

Bonds / NPS / REITs Redemption

Bonds, NPS exit, REIT/InvIT distributions

Estate Planning

Cross-border Will, Trust, succession

Schedule FA / Black Money

Foreign-asset disclosure catch-up

US Streamlined Procedures

FBAR/8938 catch-up for US-resident NRIs

UK HMRC Nudge Letter

WDF + Indian offshore disclosure

Switch CA — Free 2nd Opinion

Free audit of your last 3 ITRs

Net Worth Certificate for Visa — CA-Certified, with UDIN

The consulate asked for proof of funds and a chartered accountant's certificate, and you're not sure what either of those actually means.

CA Income Certificate for Form I-864 Sponsor

USCIS wants proof you can support the relative you're sponsoring, and part of your money is in India — so you need a CA to vouch for the Indian side.

Student Visa Proof of Funds — CA Solvency Certificate

The university or embassy wants a chartered accountant's certificate showing the money for the course is real, available, and didn't just appear last week.

CA Letter Explaining Your Indian ITR to a Consulate

The consulate asked for your Indian ITR translated into something a visa officer can actually read — one certified page, not a stack of forms.

Six-Month Average Balance Certificate for a Visa

The visa form doesn't just want a balance today — it wants proof the money has sat in your account for months, certified by a chartered accountant.

University Sponsor Letter — the CA Certificate Inside It

The university's checklist wants a sponsor affidavit, proof of funds and a chartered accountant's certificate — and you're the parent funding it all.

Indian Income Certificate for a Foreign Mortgage (UDIN)

The mortgage underwriter wants to count your Indian rent or business income, but only if a chartered accountant certifies it in a form they accept.

Source of Funds Certificate for a Foreign Bank (UDIN)

You wired money abroad and the bank has frozen it pending proof of where it came from, and a self-written explanation isn't getting you anywhere.

Indian Asset Data Pack for FBAR, 8938 & T1135 Filings

Your foreign return asks for figures on your Indian accounts and assets, and pulling the right numbers out of Indian statements is its own headache.

India Tax-Paid Certificate for a Foreign Tax Credit (UDIN)

Your accountant abroad says they can credit your Indian tax — but only against a proper certificate showing how much was actually paid.

CA-Certified INR to Foreign Currency Statement (UDIN)

The form abroad wants your Indian income or balances in dollars, pounds or dirhams — and a chartered accountant's stamp on the converted figure.

Donor Source-of-Funds Certificate for a Gifted Deposit

Your family in India is gifting the down-payment, and the mortgage lender won't accept it until a chartered accountant proves the donor's money is genuine.

NRI ITR Filing — NRO Interest, Rent & Dividends (ITR-2)

Your bank deducted 30% on the interest, the tenant or company withheld tax too, and you suspect you've paid far more than you actually owe.

NRI Capital Gains ITR — Multiple Brokers & AMCs (ITR-2)

You've got equity and mutual-fund gains across two or three brokers, TDS was deducted on the redemptions, and the numbers don't tie out to what the tax department already has.

Foreign Tax Credit & Schedule FA — NRI / RNOR ITR Filing

You're back in India, or close to it, and now both your foreign income and your overseas accounts have to find their way onto an Indian return correctly.

NRI Multi-Year ITR Backlog — Catch Up on Unfiled Returns

You moved abroad, life got busy, and somewhere along the way three, four, maybe six years of Indian returns went unfiled — and now you don't know where to even start.

NRO to NRE Transfer — 15CA & 15CB, the USD 1M Route

Your bank says it can't release the funds until a chartered accountant signs a Form 15CB and you file a Form 15CA, and nobody has explained why.

Repatriate NRI Property Sale Proceeds — 15CA/CB & TDS

You've sold the flat, the money is sitting in your NRO account, and now the bank wants a chartered accountant's certificate before it will send it abroad.

Repatriate Inheritance Money from India — 15CA/CB Route

A parent passed away, you've inherited money or assets in India, and the bank wants a chartered accountant's certificate before it will let you take it abroad.

NRI Buying Property in India — FEMA Rules & TDS

You're ready to buy a flat back home, but you've heard there are limits on what an NRI can own and a TDS rule you have to get right at registration.

NRI Landlord Rent TDS — Section 195, TAN & Form 27Q

You let out your flat back home, the rent comes in, and now you've learned your tenant was supposed to be deducting tax in a way neither of you knew about.

Tenant Used 194-IB Instead of 195 — How to Fix It

Your tenant deducted 5% as if you were a resident landlord, and now your tax credit doesn't line up and you've been told the section was wrong.

NRI Rental Income in the ITR — 30% Deduction & TDS Refund

Your tenant deducted a big slice of the rent as tax, and you want to know how the rent is actually taxed once you file — and how much of that comes back.

Buying Property From an NRI — Your Section 195 TDS Duty

You're the buyer, the seller turns out to be an NRI, and you've just learned the simple 1% rule you were counting on doesn't apply to you.

Succession & Legal Heir Certificate for NRIs in India

A parent has passed away, there are bank balances, deposits and shares in India, and the bank keeps asking for documents you have never heard of.

Should an NRI Have a Separate Will for Indian Assets?

You've made a will where you live, but the flat in Mumbai and the deposits in India are sitting in a system your foreign will was never written for.

Nominee vs Will for NRI Indian Assets — Who Really Inherits

You named your spouse as nominee on the account and assumed that settled it — but a nominee and an heir are not the same thing in India.

Mapping a Deceased Parent's Indian Estate — NRI Guide

Your parent has passed away, you're abroad, and you don't actually have a full list of what they held in India — let alone the documents to claim it.

Cost Basis of an Inherited Asset in India — NRI Guide

You inherited the flat or the shares tax-free, but now you want to sell — and you don't know what figure to subtract as the cost.

Transmitting Indian Shares & Mutual Funds to an NRI Heir

Your parent held shares in a demat account and some mutual fund folios, and you need them in your name — but the registrar keeps asking for forms and you're not even sure where to send them.

India No Inheritance Tax Certificate from a CA (with UDIN)

A bank or authority abroad won't release your inherited Indian money until you prove India charged no death tax on it — and they want that from a chartered accountant.

NRI Freelancer GST on Income from India — Export Rules

You invoice Indian clients from overseas, somebody has raised GST, and you can't tell whether you need to register or whether it touches you at all.

Social Security Certificate of Coverage for Posted NRIs

You're seconded overseas, your salary is being charged social security in two countries at once, and you've heard a certificate can fix it.

Returning NRI Residential Status — the Mid-Year Move

You moved part-way through the year, and you genuinely can't tell whether you count as Resident, RNOR or non-resident for that financial year.

Time-Barred NRI Refund — Section 119(2)(b) Condonation

Tax was over-deducted on your NRO interest or a property sale years ago, you never filed to claim it back, and the normal return deadline is long gone.

NRI 143(1) Intimation — Demand or Cut Refund Fix

You filed your NRI return expecting a refund, and the email back from the department shows a demand instead — or a refund far smaller than you claimed.

NRI 148A(b) Notice — Explain Property Source of Funds

A notice asks you to show the source of the funds you used to buy a flat in India, and you're worried it turns into a full reopening of your old years.

NRI Refund Held Against Old Demand — Section 245 Fix

You were due a refund, and instead an intimation says it is being adjusted against a demand from years ago that you don't recognise or already settled.

NRI Refund Failed to Credit — Fix Bank & Reissue

The portal shows your refund was processed, but the money never came — the bank account is closed, your NRO account was never validated, or your foreign address tripped it up.

NRI Black Money Act Notice — Foreign Asset Defence

A notice asks about a foreign bank account or asset that never went into your Indian return — and the law it cites carries a flat 30% charge and heavy penalties.

Resident Account Still Running After Becoming an NRI

You moved abroad years ago, but your resident savings account and demat in India are still ticking along, and someone has finally told you that's a FEMA problem.

NRI PPF, SSY & Post-Office Schemes — What You Can Keep

You opened these as a resident, you've since moved abroad, and now you're not sure which ones an NRI is even allowed to keep.

NRI Still Trading on a Resident Demat — Conversion Path

You've kept buying and selling Indian shares through the resident demat and trading account you opened before you left, and you've just realised an NRI isn't supposed to.

NRI Gifts To & From Relatives in India — When Tax Applies

Your parents want to send you money, or you want to gift your sister something, and someone has warned you there might be tax on it.

Parent Gifting Property to an NRI Child — Tax & Stamp Duty

Your father wants to transfer the family flat to you while he can, and you've heard there might be a tax even though it's a gift within the family.

NRI Sending Maintenance Money to Parents — Is It Taxed?

You transfer money home every month for your parents, and you've started to wonder whether they — or you — will owe tax on it.

Gift Property Now vs Inherit Later — What an NRI Saves

Your parent wants to settle the family flat on you, and the family is split on whether to gift it now or leave it to you in the Will.

LRS & TCS — Resident Parents Funding an NRI Child

You are remitting fees or living costs to your child abroad, the bank has deducted a chunk as TCS, and you're not sure if that money is gone or comes back.

NRI PAN Inoperative — 20% TDS & How to Fix It

The bank says your PAN is inoperative because it isn't linked to Aadhaar, so it's deducting 20% — but you're an NRI and were told you don't even need to link.

Update Residential Status to NRI on the Tax Portal

You've lived abroad for years, but the tax department still has you down as a resident — and it's starting to cause problems you didn't expect.

NRI Legal Heir Registration for a Deceased Parent

Your parent has passed away, there's a final return to file or a refund to claim, and you're trying to do it from another country.

PAN for Foreign Passport / OCI — Form 49AA Explained

You hold a foreign passport, or an OCI card, and you've been told you need an Indian PAN — but the form asks things that don't quite fit someone living abroad.

NRI Pvt Ltd Setup in India — Resident Director & FDI

You want a company in India with you as a shareholder-director from abroad, and you keep hitting the rule that one director has to live in India.

NRI Company ROC Compliance — AOC-4, MGT-7, DIR-3 KYC

Your company is incorporated and running, but you're abroad, and the annual filings and director KYC are the kind of thing that quietly lapses.

NRI Company Audit — Statutory & Tax Audit (44AB), ITR

You've heard your Indian company needs an audit, and you're not sure whether that's because of its size or something every company just has to do.

Foreign Employer RSU & ESPP — India Tax for NRIs

Your shares come from a US or other overseas employer, some vested while you were in India, and you can't tell which slice India taxes or how to avoid being taxed twice.

NRI Tax on Buybacks, Bonus Shares & Rights Issues

Your Indian shares went through a buyback, a bonus issue or a rights offer, and you've no idea whether the money you got is dividend, capital gain, or nothing at all.

NRI Tax on PMS, AIF & GIFT City IFSC Investing

You've put money into a PMS, an AIF or a GIFT City fund, and the tax keeps landing in places you didn't expect because each structure passes income through differently.

Indian Company ESOPs Vesting After You Move Abroad

Your Indian employer granted you stock options, then you relocated, and you can't tell how much of the exercise India still taxes when the company withholds against your salary.

ESOP Taxed Twice? India + Foreign — How to Get Relief

Your Indian employer withheld tax on the ESOP exercise and your new country taxed the same vesting through its own payroll, and now it looks like you're paying on the same income twice.

NRI Crypto Tax in India — 30% on VDA Gains, 1% TDS

You moved abroad but still have crypto sitting on an Indian exchange, and you can't get a straight answer on what India will tax and what it won't.

NRI NPS Exit Tax — Lump Sum, Annuity, 60% Cap

You opened an NPS account while working in India, you've moved abroad, and now you're not sure whether to keep it, close it, or what the exit will cost you in tax.

NRI Gratuity & Superannuation Tax on Leaving India

You're resigning from an Indian employer to move overseas, and your final settlement is full of payouts you've never had to think about taxing before.

NRI PPF at Maturity — Tax-Free Exit & Repatriation

You opened a PPF while living in India, you've since moved abroad, and now you're not sure whether it can run to the end, how the maturity money is taxed, or how you actually send it overseas.

NRI Indian Pension Tax Abroad — TDS & the Treaty

You worked in India, you now live overseas, and an Indian pension keeps arriving — but you can't tell whether India should be taxing it, your new country should, or both.

Gulf End-of-Service Gratuity — RNOR Timing & India Tax

You've finished your Gulf job, a lump-sum gratuity is landing, and you're moving back to India — and you can't tell whether India will take a slice of money you earned entirely abroad.

No-PE Declaration for NRI Treaty-Rate Withholding

You bill Indian companies for your services, and they're cutting a big slice as tax before paying you, because nobody has given them the treaty paperwork.

FC-GPR, FC-TRS & FLA — RBI Filings for NRI Shareholding

Your company took foreign investment, your accountant filed the usual ROC forms, and now you've learned there's a whole separate set of RBI filings nobody did.

CA Certificate for Education Loan & Study-Abroad Visa

The bank needs a chartered accountant's certificate to sanction the loan, the consulate needs proof of funds, and you're not sure what either should actually say.

NRI Selling an Old Property — the 2001 Value Step-Up

The flat or plot has been in the family since the 1980s, the original price was tiny, and on paper the gain looks enormous and so does the tax.

NRI Section 54 — Save Tax by Buying Another House

You sold one house and want to buy another, and you've heard the gain can be tax-free if you do it right — but the timing rules are confusing.

NRI Section 54EC Bonds — Save Tax on a Property Gain

You sold a plot or a building, you don't want to buy another property, and you'd rather lock the gain away than hand a chunk of it to tax.

NRI Property Sale — Recover Excess TDS the Buyer Cut

The buyer withheld tax on the entire sale price, not on your actual gain, and a huge slice of your money is now stuck with the tax department.

NRI Flat Redevelopment Tax — New Flat, Corpus & Rent

The society has signed with a builder, you'll get a bigger flat plus a corpus and monthly rent — and nobody can tell you straight what part of that is taxable.

Seafarer & Merchant Navy Tax — NRI Status & Salary

You're at sea most of the year on a foreign-going ship, and you're not sure whether India taxes your salary or even how your days get counted.

Returning NRI RNOR Window — Your Asset Calendar

You're back in India for good, you've heard there's a window where your foreign income stays untaxed, and you don't want to waste it.

Becoming an NRI — Pre-Departure Tax & Banking Checklist

You've got a job offer abroad and a flight booked, and nobody has told you what to do with your Indian bank accounts and tax records before you go.

Year-of-Departure ITR — Resident Part-Year, NRI After

You moved abroad part-way through the year and you can't tell whether you file as a resident, an NRI, or somehow both.

Deemed Resident Rule for Gulf NRIs — Section 6(1A)

You live in the UAE, pay no income tax there, and someone has told you India might still treat you as a resident — and you can't tell whether that applies to you.

Returning NRI — Redesignate NRE/NRO, Open an RFC Account

You've moved back to India for good and nobody has told you what's supposed to happen to the NRE, NRO and FCNR accounts you've run for years.

NRI Power of Attorney — Tax, Banking & ITR Verification

You're abroad, your parent in India is willing to handle things for you, and you can't tell what a Power of Attorney actually lets them do.

Income Tax Clearance Certificate — Who Needs One to Leave

A forwarded message says every Indian now needs a tax clearance certificate to fly out, and you've a flight booked and no idea if it applies to you.

Working Remotely From India for a Foreign Employer — Tax

You're sitting in India doing the same job for the same overseas company, the salary still lands in your foreign account, and you can't tell if India now wants tax on it.

UK FIG Regime & Your Indian Gains — India-Side CA Help

You've just moved to the UK and someone mentioned a four-year window where foreign gains escape UK tax, and you're holding Indian assets you may want to sell.

UK CGT on Indian Property — India-Side Gain & Tax Proof

You're UK-resident, you've sold (or are selling) a flat in India, and your UK accountant wants the gain in sterling while India taxes it in rupees.

UK IHT on Indian Estate — India-Side Valuation & Proof

You've lived in the UK long enough that someone warned your Indian property and investments could fall within UK inheritance tax, and you want to know the India side.

Landing in Canada — FMV Step-Up on Your Indian Assets

You're moving to Canada and worried that years of growth on your Indian flat, shares and gold will be taxed there — even though none of it happened in Canada.

Canadian Resident Selling Indian Property — the Tax

You live in Canada, you're selling a flat back in India, and you've heard you might be taxed twice — once there, once here.

Arrival-Day Value of Indian Assets for Australian CGT

Your Australian accountant says your Indian shares and property reset to market value on arrival day — and now needs a number for that date from the India side.

US Tax on Indian Property Sale — the Section 54 Trap

You sold a flat in India, reinvested to claim Section 54, and your Indian tax came out near zero — and now your US accountant says you owe a lot in America.

NRE Interest Tax-Free in India, Taxable in the US

Your bank says your NRE interest is tax-free, so you assumed there was nothing to report — and now your US accountant is asking for the numbers.

Indian Mutual Funds as PFICs — the US Form 8621 Headache

You hold a few Indian mutual funds, and your US accountant just told you each one is a PFIC and a Form 8621 nightmare.

Returning NRI 401(k) / IRA — India Tax & Section 89A

You've moved back to India after years in the US, you still hold a 401(k) or an IRA, and you've been told India might tax it every year even though you haven't touched it.

Section 89A — Is Your Foreign Pension in a Notified Country?

You've heard Section 89A can stop India taxing your foreign retirement account early — but you're not sure your country is even on the list it covers.

Form 3520 Gift From India — the India-Side Paper Pack

Your parents in India sent you money, your CPA mentioned Form 3520 and a scary penalty, and you can't work out what India needs from you.

FATCA-Frozen Indian MF Folios — US Resident Fix

You became a US (or Canadian) resident, and now your Indian mutual-fund folios are locked — you can't transact, and you're not sure how to get your own money out.

US NRI Selling Property in India — Cut the TDS

The buyer wants to hold back a big slice of your sale price as Indian tax, and you still have to report the same sale on your US return back home.

Gulf NRI: Repatriate Money From India (15CA/15CB)

The funds are sitting in your NRO account in India and the bank keeps asking for a chartered accountant's certificate before it will let them leave the country.

All Tools

Every free NRI tax tool in one place

DTAA Savings Calculator

Pick your country, see interest/dividend/gain savings

FD TDS Calculator

Default 30% vs DTAA rate on your FDs

Capital Gains Calculator

Property, equity and MF gains math

MF Redemption TDS Calculator

AMC withholding vs your actual tax

Property Sale TDS Calculator

Section 195 vs Form 13 math

Rent TDS Calculator

What your tenant should deduct

Real Return Calculator

What you actually keep after tax

Form 10F / 41 Generator

Pre-fill Form 10F correctly

Form 67 Deadline Tracker

FTC claim deadline per FY

Residential Status Checker

Am I still an NRI? 182/120/60+365

Am I NRI Yet?

One-date answer for new movers

RNOR Optimizer

Year-by-year return-to-India plan

NRE / NRO / FCNR Chooser

Which account for which money

Schedule FA Builder

Foreign assets disclosure, line by line

15CA / 15CB Diagnostic

Repatriation forms, handled

Compliance Radar

10-question NRI tax-risk score

DTAA Rate Lookup

Treaty rates by country and income

NRI Glossary

DTAA, TRC, 26AS, Form 10F explained

PAN Services

New PAN, corrections, Aadhaar linking

United Arab Emirates NRIs

Interest 12.5% · Dividends 10% · 3.5 million+ NRIs

United States of America NRIs

Interest 15% · Dividends 20% · 5 million+ NRIs

United Kingdom NRIs

Interest 15% · Dividends 10% · 1.7 million+ NRIs

Singapore NRIs

Interest 15% · Dividends 15% · 600,000+ NRIs

Canada NRIs

Interest 15% · Dividends 20% · 1.4 million+ NRIs

Australia NRIs

Interest 15% · Dividends 15% · 800,000+ NRIs

Oman NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 12.5% · 780,000+ NRIs

Saudi Arabia NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 5% · 2.5 million+ NRIs

Qatar NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 750,000+ NRIs

Germany NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 250,000+ NRIs

Netherlands NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 60,000+ NRIs

Nigeria NRIs

No India-Nigeria DTAA. We still help with filings, Form 13, notices.

Bahrain NRIs

No India-Bahrain DTAA. We still help with filings, Form 13, notices.

Kuwait NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 1 million+ NRIs

France NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 130,000+ NRIs

Ireland NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 110,000+ NRIs

Switzerland NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 60,000+ NRIs

Malaysia NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 5% · 250,000+ NRIs

Japan NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 60,000+ NRIs

South Korea NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 15% · 10,000+ NRIs

Hong Kong NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 5% · 60,000+ NRIs

New Zealand NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 15% · 250,000+ NRIs

South Africa NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · ~1.4 million PIOs (mostly multi-generation), ~25,000 NRIs NRIs

Kenya NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 110,000+ NRIs

Sweden NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · ~30,000 (NRIs + PIOs combined) NRIs

Norway NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 75,000+ NRIs

Denmark NRIs

Interest 15% · Dividends 20% · 10,000+ NRIs

Thailand NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 250,000+ NRIs

Indonesia NRIs

Interest 10% · Dividends 10% · 25,000+ NRIs

Philippines NRIs

Interest 15% · Dividends 20% · 250,000+ NRIs

Mauritius NRIs

Interest 7.5% · Dividends 15% · 780,000 (PIO + ~12,000 NRIs) NRIs

Fixed Deposit Interest TDS

Default 30% · ₹5,000 – ₹60,000/year typical savings

Mutual Fund Redemption TDS

Default 12.5% · ₹0 – ₹1,50,000/year typical savings

Property Sale TDS

Default 12.5% · ₹2L – ₹60L unblocked per sale typical savings

Dividend TDS

Default 20% · ₹2,000 – ₹30,000/year typical savings

NRO Account Interest TDS

Default 30% · ₹1,000 – ₹15,000/year typical savings

EPF/NPS Withdrawal TDS

Default 10% · ₹10,000 – ₹1,00,000 (one-time) typical savings

Rental Income TDS

Default 31.2% · ₹50,000 – ₹2,00,000 refundable via ITR typical savings

Bond/NCD Interest TDS

Default 30% · ₹0 – ₹2,00,000/year (zero for tax-free PSU bonds; Section 194LC three-tier on ECBs / RDBs / Masala bonds — 5% legacy, 4% IFSC pre-1-July-2023, 9% IFSC post-1-July-2023) typical savings

ESOP/RSU Income TDS

Default 30% · Highly variable; ₹50k–₹5L+ per year (slab-rate at exercise, capital-gains-rate on sale) typical savings

All Guides & Articles

Every TrustNRI blog post, indexed

Case Studies

Real NRI recoveries with actual numbers

DTAA Rates Table

Treaty rates for every country, one table

Income Types

DTAA rates for every type of Indian income

For Indian Residents

Our story, for those still living in India

FCNR vs NRE vs NRO: which NRI account, in plain English

Three accounts, one simple rule — where the money came from decides which one it belongs in. Here is the difference without the jargon: which interest is tax-free, how to take money back abroad, and a step-by-step checklist for the day you become an NRI and the day you move back.

The NRI tax recovery gap: a 2026 data report across 31 countries

We ran the same ₹15 lakh NRO fixed deposit through India's tax treaties in every country we cover. The money NRIs lose is at the withholding stage, not in some exotic loophole — and most of it is recoverable. Here are the numbers.

The Income-tax Act 2025: what changed for NRIs (old vs new forms and sections)

From 1 April 2026, India runs on a new Income-tax Act. The residence test is the same, but most of the forms and section numbers you know were renumbered. Here is the plain old-to-new map, what genuinely changed, and why your FY 2025-26 filing still uses the old forms.

NRO Fixed Deposits — the complete tax, FEMA and repatriation guide for NRIs

Indian banks deduct 30% TDS on every interest credit. Most NRIs never claim back the gap to their treaty rate. Here's the full picture: who can hold an NRO FD, how Section 195 works, what the DTAA does for you country by country, and the FEMA + Schedule FA paperwork around it.

NRE Fixed Deposits — the tax-free Indian deposit, with one big catch

NRE interest is exempt under Section 10(4)(ii) of the Income-tax Act — zero TDS in India, fully repatriable. The catch is that your country of residence may tax it as worldwide income. US and UK NRIs especially: your NRE interest is tax-free in India and fully taxable on your 1040 / Self Assessment with no Foreign Tax Credit available (because India levied no tax). Here's the complete picture.

FCNR Fixed Deposits — the foreign-currency tax-free deposit

FCNR (B) lets you hold INR-equivalent funds in USD, GBP, EUR, JPY, CAD, AUD, CHF, SGD or HKD inside an Indian bank, with interest exempt under Section 10(15)(iv)(fa) — zero TDS, no INR risk for you, RBI-capped rates. The right product when you want the Indian yield without the rupee depreciation.

Selling Indian property as an NRI — the complete TDS, Form 13 and repatriation guide

When you sell Indian property, the buyer must deduct TDS under Section 195 on the FULL sale value — 13.0% to 14.95% depending on the band. Section 197 / Form 13 lets the AO certify a lower rate based on your actual computed gain, often unlocking 25–35% of the sale price into your cash flow at closing. Here's the full picture: Section 112 post-FA(No.2) 2024, the resident-only indexation election, FEMA repatriation, and the timing trap most NRIs miss.

Indian equity mutual funds: simple tax for most NRIs, a real trap for US ones

When you sell an Indian equity mutual fund, India taxes the gain at 12.5% if you held it over a year, or 20% if less. That's the whole story for most NRIs. If you live in the US, there's a catch the IRS calls PFIC, and it changes everything. Here's both, plus who can actually buy these funds and how to keep your money repatriable.

GIFT City IFSC FCY Fixed Deposits — the offshore-flavoured tax-free deposit inside India

The IFSC banking units in GIFT City sit on Indian soil but are treated as offshore for FEMA and tax. Interest on FCY deposits with these IBUs is exempt for non-residents under Section 10(15)(viii) of the Income-tax Act. Foreign currency, foreign-flavoured tax, Indian banking convenience — and rates that typically beat what your home-country bank pays on equivalent USD savings.

Tax-Free PSU Bonds — the post-2016 secondary-market tax shelter for NRIs

Between 2012 and 2016 the Government of India authorised PSUs (REC, NHAI, IRFC, PFC, HUDCO, NABARD, NHPC, NTPC) to issue bonds whose interest is fully exempt from Indian income tax under Section 10(15)(iv)(h). No fresh issuances since 2016 — all available paper trades on the secondary market on NSE / BSE. NRIs can buy via an NRE-funded demat account; the interest stays tax-free for the holder regardless of when the bond was acquired. For high-bracket NRIs (US, UK, Canada) where residence-state tax already eats most yield, this is one of the cleanest fixed-income shelters India offers.

Sovereign Gold Bonds — what to do with your existing holdings as an NRI (and why you can't buy fresh)

Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs) are RBI-issued bonds linked to gold prices, with a 2.5% annual interest coupon and Section 47(viic) tax-exemption on redemption gain at maturity. NRIs are NOT eligible to subscribe to fresh tranches per RBI's SGB Master Direction — but if you became an NRI after subscribing, you can hold existing bonds until early redemption / maturity. This guide covers what to do with existing SGBs as an NRI: maturity exemption, secondary-market sale, NRO repatriation, and the niche scenarios where SGBs still make sense in an NRI portfolio.

Form 41 replaces Form 10F from FY 2026-27: what NRIs claiming DTAA benefits need to know

Form 10F is the one-page form you file to claim your treaty (DTAA) tax rate instead of the default 30%. From April 2026 it has a new name: Form 41. Same form, new number. Here's which one to file, and how.

Form 13 Lower Deduction Certificate — how NRI property sellers stop the buyer from withholding ₹25 lakh extra at closing

When an NRI sells Indian property, the buyer must withhold TDS at 13.0–14.95% on the FULL sale value under Section 195 — not on the actual gain. On a ₹2 crore flat with a ₹40 lakh real gain, that's about ₹29 lakh deducted at closing against an actual tax liability of about ₹5 lakh. Form 13 / Section 197 is the legal lever that closes this gap. Here's exactly how it works, when to apply, and what to expect.

Schedule FA — the foreign-asset disclosure that triggers Black Money Act exposure for returning NRIs

Once you become Resident & Ordinarily Resident in India, every foreign asset you hold — your US 401(k), UK SIPP, Canadian RRSP, Singapore CPF, even a small Vanguard brokerage — must be disclosed in Schedule FA of your ITR-2 each year. Skip a year and the Black Money Act 2015 exposes you to ₹10 lakh per-year penalty under Section 42, plus a 90% penalty under Section 41 if the asset is treated as undisclosed foreign income, plus possible imprisonment under Section 51. Here's the complete picture: who must file, what goes where, the two safe-harbour thresholds, the Section 89A deferral route for retirement accounts, and the path back if you missed prior years.

Every NRI redemption tax rate in one place — stocks, mutual funds, SGB, EPF, bonds, NPS, REITs

When you sell or redeem Indian investments as a non-resident, the rate your AMC, broker, RBI, EPFO, or RTA cuts at source is rarely the rate you actually owe. This is the single-page reference: at-source TDS rate, DTAA treaty floor, Form 13 / lower-deduction lever, and the repatriation paperwork — for every major asset class an NRI typically holds.

NRI selling Indian listed equity — the complete tax + repatriation guide for FY 2026-27

If you hold Indian shares via your Portfolio Investment Scheme (PIS) account and you're now an NRI, your broker withholds capital gains TDS on every sale. The post-Finance (No 2) Act 2024 rules changed the rates from 23 July 2024 onwards. Here's the full picture: what TDS the broker cuts, what the DTAA does (and doesn't) reduce, when Form 13 is worth applying, and how to get the money out of India.

Sovereign Gold Bonds for NRIs — the Section 47(viic) tax-free redemption + the secondary-market catch

Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs) issued by RBI on behalf of the Government of India are one of the most tax-efficient gold-exposure instruments for Indian investors. NRIs cannot buy new tranches, but if you bought SGBs as a resident and later became NRI, you can hold to maturity and claim the Section 47(viic) capital-gains exemption. Here's exactly how it works — including what changes if you exit early on the secondary market.

EPF withdrawal for NRIs and returning NRIs — the 5-year rule, the 10% TDS, and the foreign-tax-credit play

Whether you're resigning your Indian job to move abroad, or you're a returning NRI closing out an old EPF balance, the tax treatment turns entirely on one question: did you complete 5 years of continuous service? Less than 5 years means the entire withdrawal becomes taxable as Salary in the year of withdrawal. Five or more years means it's tax-free. Here's the complete picture, including TDS coordination, UAN portability, and the foreign-side tax-credit angle.

NRI bonds, NPS, and REITs/InvITs — the complete tax + repatriation reference

Beyond stocks, mutual funds, and SGBs, NRIs typically hold a mix of bonds (government, corporate, tax-free), NPS accounts, and REITs/InvITs. Each has its own statutory framework, TDS regime, and DTAA treatment. This is the single guide that covers all three asset classes — when interest is exempt, when capital gains are taxed, how the NPS 60/40 exit works, and how REIT distributions are split for taxation.

NRI mutual fund TDS — why it's 30%, and how to get your treaty rate

Every NRI who redeems an Indian mutual fund sees the same shock — the AMC sliced off 30% (or 20% on equity MFs, or 12.5% on LTCG) before crediting your NRO. That's Section 195 working as designed. Your DTAA treaty cuts it materially — to 12.5% LTCG for most countries, sometimes down to 0% for Gulf NRIs holding pre-treaty lots. Here's the complete rate stack by fund type and your country.

How to avoid the 30% TDS on your NRO account interest

Every NRI gets the same shock: the bank slices 30% off the interest credited to their NRO account. It's not a penalty, just the default the law sets for non-residents. Your treaty rate is far lower, and getting it back is a well-worn path that most NRIs never walk.

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