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Special Income

NRI angel investing in an Indian startup, after angel tax

The main tax that hit premium rounds is gone, but two traps for the NRI investor remain.

You are an NRI investing in an Indian startup, often at a premium to the shares' face value, and you have heard about angel tax, a charge that used to hit startups on the premium they raised. The good news is that it has been abolished. But that does not mean there is nothing left to watch: there is a trap on your side as the investor if the shares are priced wrongly, and an exchange-control pricing rule that a non-resident cannot ignore. Here is where an NRI angel investor stands now.
Last reviewed: 26 July 20266 min readReviewed by Preetesh Maloo, CA

The short answer

Angel tax, the charge under which a startup was taxed on share premium it received above fair value, was abolished from the 2025-26 financial year, for all investors including NRIs. So a premium investment by an NRI no longer triggers that tax on the startup. Two things remain for an NRI angel: if you are issued shares below their fair value, the shortfall over ₹50,000 is taxable in your hands as income; and under the exchange-control rules a non-resident cannot buy unlisted Indian shares below fair value at all, so a mispriced allotment is a FEMA breach regardless of tax. Legacy angel-tax assessments for the two years before abolition can also still surface.

References on this page

  • Angel tax (the charge on a startup's share premium over fair value) was abolished from FY 2025-26, for all investors including NRIs
  • Investor-side trap: shares issued to you below fair value are taxed on the shortfall over ₹50,000 (Section 56(2)(x))
  • FEMA pricing floor: a non-resident cannot buy unlisted Indian shares below fair value; a mispriced allotment is a breach
  • Legacy angel-tax assessments for the two years before abolition can still surface

Angel tax is gone, with two footnotes

The headline is genuinely good. Angel tax was the charge under which a closely-held company, a startup, was taxed on the share premium it received from investors above the shares' fair value. It was abolished from the 2025-26 financial year, and the abolition applies to all investors, resident and non-resident alike, so a premium round funded by an NRI no longer risks that tax landing on the startup.

Two footnotes matter for an NRI, though. First, the abolition is recent, and for a short window before it, angel tax had been extended to non-resident investors, so a premium investment by an NRI in the two years before abolition could have triggered it, and a legacy assessment for those years can still be raised. Second, and more importantly going forward, abolishing the charge on the startup did not remove the mirror-image rule on the investor.

The investor trap and the FEMA floor

The trap that remains is on your side. If you as the investor are issued shares for less than their fair value, the discount, the amount by which the fair value exceeds what you paid, above ₹50,000, is taxable in your hands as income under Section 56(2)(x). So a bargain allotment is not a free lunch; the built-in gain is taxed on you at the point of issue. This is the opposite side of the coin from the abolished charge on the company.

On top of the tax there is an exchange-control floor that a non-resident cannot ignore. Under the rules for non-resident investment, an NRI cannot subscribe to unlisted Indian shares below their fair value, which must be certified by a qualified valuer using an accepted method. So a below-value allotment to an NRI is a breach of those rules quite apart from the tax, which means the pricing has to be right on both counts. Premium rounds are often done through instruments like convertible preference shares or convertible notes, which have their own conditions. A practising CA prices the investment to satisfy both the tax and the exchange-control floor, handles any legacy angel-tax assessment, and structures the instrument correctly.

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What's involved

What the CA actually does

  1. 1

    We confirm angel tax is off the table

    We confirm that a current premium round does not attract angel tax on the startup, since it was abolished from 2025-26.

  2. 2

    We price to avoid the investor trap

    We make sure you are not issued shares below fair value, which would tax the shortfall in your hands under the receipt rule.

  3. 3

    We meet the FEMA floor

    We ensure the price satisfies the non-resident pricing rule, so a below-value allotment does not create an exchange-control breach.

  4. 4

    We handle legacy assessments

    Where an angel-tax assessment for an earlier year surfaces, we deal with it, since the charge applied to NRIs briefly before abolition.

What to have ready

Documents you'll typically need

  • The share subscription terms and the price
  • The fair-value certificate or valuation
  • The instrument used (equity, convertible shares or notes)
  • Your PAN and residency details

Your destination country can change the details

Requirements differ from one consulate, university and visa route to the next — how recent the figures must be, how long funds must have been held, and which certificates are mandatory. We assemble the documents around the exact checklist you're applying under. To see how India's tax treaty with your country of residence affects related filings, set your country below or compare all 31 countries.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions

Angel investing in an Indian startup as an NRI?

Tell us the round and the price. A practising CA will keep the tax and the FEMA pricing right on a free call, no obligation.

No card, no obligation. All certification and filing work is handled by ICAI-registered practising Chartered Accountants.