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Vietnam NRIs · NRO TDS Recovery

NRO account TDS recovery for NRIs in Vietnam

Your Indian bank deducts tax on NRO interest at the full non-resident rate. The India-Vietnam treaty lets you bring it down and reclaim the excess.

If you live in Vietnam and hold an NRO fixed deposit or savings account in India, your bank deducts tax at source on the interest at 30%, the default non-resident rate under Section 393(2) (Section 195 until 31 March 2026). The India-Vietnam tax treaty caps that interest withholding at 10% (Article 11), so for most Vietnam NRIs the gap between the two is over-withheld tax you're entitled to recover. To claim the lower rate you file Form 41, which replaced Form 10F on 1 April 2026, backed by a Tax Residency Certificate from your country of residence. Anything already over-deducted comes back as a refund when you file your Indian return.
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India-Vietnam key facts: nro tds recovery

Default non-resident TDS rate30%
India-Vietnam DTAA treaty rate10%
Your saving via the treaty20%
Treaty article / basisArticle 11: 10% treaty cap on Indian-source interest
Your TRC issuing authoritythe General Department of Taxation (provincial Department of Taxation)

Rates reflect India's domestic withholding under Section 393(2) (Section 195 until 31 March 2026) and the India-Vietnam treaty. Surcharge and cess apply on top where relevant.

How it works on the India side

Indian banks deduct TDS on NRO interest at the 30% non-resident rate plus surcharge and cess, under Section 393(2) (Section 195 until 31 March 2026). Where India has a treaty with your country that caps interest lower, Form 41 (formerly Form 10F) and a Tax Residency Certificate lodged with the bank get you that capped rate on future interest. Where there is no treaty, there is nothing to claim down to, so the same paperwork changes nothing and the 30% stands.

A lower-deduction certificate is the one piece of paperwork that works at the bank either way. You apply on Form 128 under Section 395 (the old Form 13 under Section 197) through the TRACES portal, and it is open to non-residents on interest. Where your estimated Indian tax for the year is below what the bank is deducting, the Assessing Officer can certify a lower or nil rate, which the bank then applies to future interest.

The refund route is the same either way, and it's your Indian return. The bank's TDS shows against your PAN in Form 26AS and the AIS, you work out what you actually owe (the treaty rate where one applies, otherwise your slab rate, because NRO interest is ordinary slab income), and the excess comes back with interest under Section 244A. Years you never filed can often still be reached: CBDT Circular 11/2024 lets you apply for condonation under Section 119(2)(b) of the 1961 Act, the law that governs the years you're reclaiming, up to five years from the end of that assessment year, though a refund allowed that way carries no Section 244A interest.

What changes because you live in Vietnam

In Vietnam a rental contract can make you a tax resident, whatever your day count says. Article 2 of the new PIT Law (109/2025/QH15, in force 1 July 2026) counts a rented home on a fixed-term lease as habitual residence, and the guiding rules add up separate contracts in separate cities to reach 183 days in the tax year. Once that bites you're taxed on income arising outside Vietnam as well, and the only way out is another country's certificate of residence. India won't issue you one, since an Indian TRC goes to residents of India. The relief then disappoints. Vietnam credits your Indian tax only up to the Vietnamese tax on the same income, and that figure is a flat cut of the gross: 5% on dividends and interest under Article 12, 0.1% of the sale price on shares, 2% of the price on property under Article 14, charged even on a sale that lost money.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions from Vietnam NRIs

By default your bank deducts 30% under Section 393(2), the non-resident rate. With a valid Form 41 and a Tax Residency Certificate from the General Department of Taxation (provincial Department of Taxation), the India-Vietnam treaty brings that down to 10% on the interest. Anything deducted above the treaty rate before your paperwork was on file can be reclaimed through your Indian return.

Yes. The over-withheld amount is reclaimed by filing your Indian income tax return: the bank's TDS shows against your PAN in Form 26AS, you compute the tax actually due at the 10% treaty rate, and the excess is refunded with Section 244A interest.

Two documents: a Tax Residency Certificate issued by the General Department of Taxation (provincial Department of Taxation), and Form 41, the successor to Form 10F, filed on the Indian e-filing portal. Together they tell your bank to apply the India-Vietnam treaty rate of 10% instead of the 30% default. The TRC has to be renewed for each period it covers, otherwise the bank reverts to the full rate.

Go further

Read the full guide, or see your country's complete picture

DTAA TDS recovery serviceVietnam NRI tax guide: every income type and the rates that apply

NRO TDS Recovery sorted, by an Indian CA who works with Vietnam NRIs

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