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Certificates — Foreign Lenders

Source-of-funds certificate when a foreign bank queries your transfer

You wired money abroad and the bank has frozen it pending proof of where it came from, and a self-written explanation isn't getting you anywhere.

A large inward transfer has landed in your overseas account and the bank's compliance team has asked where the money came from. This is a routine anti-money-laundering check — banks abroad must establish the source of funds for substantial transfers — but until you satisfy it, the money can sit blocked. A short email from you rarely closes it. What does is a chartered accountant's source-of-funds certificate that traces the money to its origin in India — a property sale, an inheritance, accumulated savings — and cross-references it to your tax returns and bank records, so the bank is reading a verifiable account rather than a personal assurance.
Last reviewed: 10 June 20268 min readReviewed by Preetesh Maloo, CA

The short answer

A source-of-funds certificate is a signed statement from a practising chartered accountant that explains the origin of money you have transferred abroad and ties it to documentary evidence — the sale deed for a property sale, succession or probate papers for an inheritance, and your filed income tax returns and bank statements for accumulated savings. It is issued on the CA's letterhead with a UDIN, the verification number ICAI mandates, so a foreign bank's compliance team can confirm it is genuine. It establishes that the funds are legitimate and accounted for, which is what an anti-money-laundering (AML) review needs.

References on this page

  • ICAI UDIN mandate — Unique Document Identification Number on attest / certification work
  • ICAI Guidance Note on Reports / Certificates for Special Purposes
  • ITR-V / ITR acknowledgement — proof the income / gains were declared
  • Form 15CA / 15CB — declaration and CA certificate for foreign remittances
  • Form 26AS / Annual Information Statement — income and tax reconciliation

Why a bank asks, and what actually satisfies it

Banks everywhere are required to understand the source of funds behind large or unusual transfers. When a sizeable sum lands from abroad, the compliance team's job is to be able to say, on the record, that they checked where it came from and were satisfied it was legitimate. Until they can write that down, the safe option for them is to hold the money.

What satisfies that check is a clear, evidenced story — not just a category like "savings", but a traceable path from a specific origin to the money that arrived. A chartered accountant's certificate provides exactly that: it names the source, points to the documents that prove it, and confirms the funds were declared and accounted for in India. Because it comes from a regulated professional and carries a UDIN the bank can verify on ICAI's portal, it carries weight a customer's own letter does not.

The certificate does not replace the bank's own forms; it sits behind them, giving the compliance officer the documented basis they need to release the funds and close the review.

Tracing the three common sources

Most queried transfers trace back to one of three origins, and the CA evidences each one differently.

Source of fundsWhat the CA ties it to
Property saleSale deed, capital-gains in the filed ITR, TDS / 15CA-15CB
InheritanceWill or succession certificate, the estate's records
Accumulated savingsYears of filed ITRs, bank and investment statements

For a property sale, the certificate links the sale deed and consideration to the capital gains declared in your return and to the tax deducted and remittance forms (Form 15CA / 15CB) used when the proceeds moved abroad. For an inheritance, it ties the funds to the will or succession certificate and explains that an inheritance is a transfer of existing assets, not fresh income. For accumulated savings, it shows the money built up over years of declared income — drawing on successive returns and the statements behind them — rather than appearing suddenly.

The aim is the same in each case: a path the compliance officer can follow from origin to wire, with a document at every step.

The gift or down-payment letter from Indian parents

A common version of this question arises when parents in India send money to a child abroad — often to help with a house deposit. The receiving bank, and sometimes a mortgage lender at the same time, wants to know that the money is a genuine gift and that the parents had the means to give it.

Here the CA prepares a certificate covering the giver. It confirms who the parents are, that the gift is being made out of their own funds, and that those funds are accounted for in their filed returns and bank records — so the deposit is not a disguised loan or money of unexplained origin. Where the parents are funding a property purchase, lenders frequently also want a short declaration that the gift carries no obligation to repay; the CA's certificate establishes the source and means, and we help line that declaration up alongside it.

Because the certificate is issued on letterhead with a UDIN and ties back to the parents' returns, both the bank holding the transfer and any lender involved are looking at the same verifiable basis for the money.

A worked example: proceeds of a Pune flat held in the UK

Vikram, an NRI in London, sold a flat in Pune and remitted the proceeds to his UK account to add to a house deposit. The amount was large enough that his UK bank flagged it and asked him to evidence the source before the funds could be used. His own email explaining "this is from selling my Indian property" did not close the query.

A chartered accountant assembles the chain: the registered sale deed showing the consideration, the capital gains computed and declared in Vikram's Indian return, the TDS deducted on the sale, and the Form 15CA / 15CB used when the money was remitted abroad. The CA then issues a source-of-funds certificate that walks from the sale to the exact transfer the bank queried, names each document, and confirms the gains were declared in India. It goes out on letterhead with a UDIN.

The UK bank's compliance team verifies the UDIN on ICAI's portal, sees a documented path from a property sale that was taxed and reported in India, and releases the funds. The precise evidence a given bank wants, and how far back it looks, varies with the institution and the size of the transfer, so the certificate is built around the bank's specific query rather than a generic template.

What's involved

What the CA actually does

  1. 1

    We read the bank's query precisely

    Compliance requests vary — some want one source evidenced, some want the full history of how the funds built up. We establish exactly what the bank is asking and what would close the review, so the certificate answers the actual question rather than a generic one.

  2. 2

    We trace the funds to a documented origin

    We map the money back to its source — a property sale, an inheritance, or accumulated savings — and gather the evidence at each step: sale deed and capital-gains in the return, succession papers, or years of filed returns and statements.

  3. 3

    We cross-reference everything to your filed returns

    The certificate ties the funds to your income tax returns, Form 26AS / AIS, and the remittance forms (Form 15CA / 15CB) where they apply, so the bank sees that the money was declared and accounted for in India.

  4. 4

    We issue the certificate on CA letterhead with a UDIN

    The signed certificate carries a UDIN the bank's compliance team can verify on ICAI's portal, names the documents relied on, and connects the source to the specific transfer that was queried.

  5. 5

    We handle the gift or down-payment angle

    Where the money is a gift from parents in India, we certify the giver's source and means against their returns, and help line up the declaration a lender or bank wants confirming the gift carries no repayment obligation.

What to have ready

Documents you'll typically need

  • The bank's exact source-of-funds / AML query
  • Sale deed and capital-gains computation, for a property sale
  • Will or succession certificate, for an inheritance
  • Several years of filed income tax returns (ITR-V / acknowledgement)
  • Bank and investment statements behind the funds
  • Form 15CA / 15CB, if the money was remitted through that route
  • For a gift: the giver's returns and statements, plus their ID and PAN

Your destination country can change the details

Requirements differ from one consulate, university and visa route to the next — how recent the figures must be, how long funds must have been held, and which certificates are mandatory. We assemble the documents around the exact checklist you're applying under. To see how India's tax treaty with your country of residence affects related filings, set your country below or compare all 31 countries.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions

Has a foreign bank frozen a transfer pending source-of-funds proof?

Send us the bank's query and where the money came from. A practising CA will scope a UDIN-backed certificate that closes the review on a free call — no obligation.

No card, no obligation. All certification and filing work is handled by ICAI-registered practising Chartered Accountants.