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DTAA & Treaty

What do you put in Form 10F if your country has no tax identification number?

Six Gulf states issue no tax ID to individuals. The form has a built-in answer for exactly that, and almost nobody quotes it.

You are filing Form 10F to get the treaty rate instead of a flat 30 percent withholding, and you reach the field asking for your tax identification number in your country of residence. You do not have one. Nobody in the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman or Saudi Arabia hands a salaried person a tax number, because there is no personal income tax to number you for. Oman is the coming exception, from 1 January 2028. The field is mandatory, the portal will not move on, and the guidance you find online is written by people who assumed everyone has an SSN or a UTR. So you guess. Some people put their VAT or corporate TRN, some put the passport number, some leave it blank and hope, and some abandon the filing and eat the 30 percent.
Last reviewed: 24 August 20267 min readReviewed by Preetesh Maloo, CA

The short answer

Your national ID number goes in that box, and it is the correct entry rather than a workaround. Field (iv) of Form 10F asks for your tax identification number "and if there is no such number, then, a unique number on the basis of which the person is identified by the Government" of your country of residence. That fallback is printed on the form itself. Your Emirates ID, CPR, Civil ID, QID or Iqama number is precisely such a number. Two of these governments say the same thing from their side. Kuwait tells the OECD that for individuals a TIN is not issued, but the Civil ID number issued by PACI is used as their TIN. Qatar says a foreign resident who is not carrying on a business activity is identified by the residence permit number. One thing to avoid: the UAE states in terms that a VAT number may not be used in lieu of a TIN. Your company's TRN is not your tax ID.

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What do you put in Form 10F if your country has no tax identification number?

Your government-issued identification number, because the form says so itself.

Field (iv) does not simply demand a tax ID. It reads: your tax identification number in the country of residence "and if there is no such number, then, a unique number on the basis of which the person is identified by the Government" of that country. The fallback is part of the field, not a concession someone grants you.

So the entry is the ordinary national identity number you already carry.

Where you liveWhat goes in field (iv)
UAEEmirates ID number
BahrainCPR number
KuwaitCivil ID number
QatarResidence permit number, or PIN for a citizen
OmanCivil ID number
Saudi ArabiaIqama number, or National ID for a citizen

The one entry to avoid is a VAT or corporate tax registration number. It identifies a business, not you.

The Gulf governments say the same thing from their side

This is not an Indian workaround being read into a foreign system. Each of these states publishes its position through the OECD's automatic exchange framework, and they line up with what the form asks for.

Kuwait is the most direct. For individuals a TIN is not issued by the Tax Department, but the Civil ID number issued by the Public Authority for Civil Information is used as their TIN on request. Qatar issues a TIN only to a natural person carrying on an industrial, commercial, craft or professional activity, and says anyone else is identified by the residence permit number if they are a foreign resident.

Bahrain says there is no general taxation on personal income, so no TINs are issued for these purposes. Oman and Saudi Arabia both answer no to whether individuals are automatically issued a TIN.

The UAE goes furthest: it does not issue TINs at all, its TRCs do not carry one, and it states that a VAT number may not be used in lieu of a TIN. If you have been putting a company TRN on your Form 10F, that is the line that says not to.

When the answer is N.A. instead

There is a second route on the form and it is worth knowing before you type anything.

Note 2 on Form 10F says to write N.A. where the relevant information already forms part of the tax residency certificate. If your TRC carries the identifier, the form does not need you to repeat it.

For most Gulf readers this will not apply. The UAE says plainly that its TRCs do not carry a TIN, so a UAE reader is back to field (iv) and the national ID. But if your certificate does show an identifying number, N.A. is a permitted answer rather than an evasion, and it avoids the mismatch problem that gets claims rejected when the form and the certificate disagree.

Check the certificate first. It takes a minute and it decides which of the two answers you are giving.

Does this change under Form 41?

Form 10F becomes Form 41 under the Income-tax Act 2025, filed under section 159(8) with rule 75 in place of rule 21AB.

The no-tax-ID fallback carries over: Form 41 likewise takes a unique number by which the government of your country identifies you where no tax identification number exists. We have not reproduced the Form 41 field here word for word, because the official versions we could reach are image-only, so treat the verbatim quote above as the Form 10F text.

The transition is a year split rather than a switch. Income for FY 2025-26 is assessed under the old Act on the old form, so you may well file Form 10F and Form 41 in consecutive years. Our Form 10F and Form 41 generator picks the right form for the year you choose.

Do not confuse this with your bank's CRS self-certification

This is where most of the contradictory advice online comes from, and it is worth separating cleanly.

Your Indian bank or fund house will also ask you to sign a FATCA and CRS self-certification. That is a different regime with a different rulebook, and it has its own machinery for a missing tax ID, including reason codes for why none is held. Guidance written for that form does not transfer to Form 10F.

We have seen sources say a Gulf resident should give a standard absence code rather than an improvised number, and say that quoting a national ID gets a filing rejected. Read carefully, those are describing the self-certification, not Form 10F. Form 10F has its own answer printed in field (iv), and that answer is the government identification number.

Two forms, two regimes, two correct answers. Applying one to the other is what leaves people stuck.

What's involved

What the CA actually does

  1. 1

    We establish which of the two answers is yours

    Whether your TRC already carries an identifier, which makes N.A. the correct entry under Note 2, or whether field (iv) needs your national ID. That is a look at your actual certificate, not a rule of thumb.

  2. 2

    We file it so it matches the certificate

    The rejections we see are mismatches: a number on the form that does not match the one on the TRC, or a company TRN standing in for a personal identifier. We prepare the form against the certificate you actually hold, and file it before the deductor's next credit rather than after.

  3. 3

    We chase the rate through to the deductor

    A filed Form 10F only helps once the bank, registrar or company applying Section 195 has it on file with the TRC. We deliver the pack to the NRI cell and follow the withholding through to the next payout, and where tax has already been over-deducted we take it into the return as a refund claim.

What to have ready

Documents you'll typically need

  • Your tax residency certificate for the relevant period, in full
  • Your national ID: Emirates ID, CPR, Civil ID, QID or Iqama
  • Your PAN, and the year you need the form to cover
  • The deductor's details: bank, registrar, company or client applying the withholding
  • Any Form 10F you have already filed, and any rejection you were sent
  • Your passport and residence visa

Your destination country can change the details

Requirements differ from one consulate, university and visa route to the next, how recent the figures must be, how long funds must have been held, and which certificates are mandatory. We assemble the documents around the exact checklist you're applying under. To see how India's tax treaty with your country of residence affects related filings, set your country below or compare all 46 countries.

References on this page

  • Form 10F [See sub-rule (1) of rule 21AB], field (iv): "Assessee's tax identification number in the country or specified territory of residence and if there is no such number, then, a unique number on the basis of which the person is identified by the Government of the country or the specified territory of which the assessee claims to be a Resident"
  • Form 10F, Note 2: "Write N.A. if the relevant information forms part of the certificate referred to in sub-section (4) of section 90 or sub-section (4) of section 90A"
  • UAE, OECD AEOI TIN sheet (January 2021): the UAE does not issue Tax Identification Numbers, TRCs are valid for one year and do not carry a TIN, and a VAT number may not be used in lieu of a TIN
  • Kuwait, OECD AEOI TIN sheet: individuals are not automatically issued a TIN; the Kuwaiti Civil ID number issued by the Public Authority for Civil Information (PACI) is used as their TIN upon request
  • Qatar, OECD AEOI TIN sheet: a natural person not carrying on an industrial, commercial, craft or professional activity is identified by the PIN for a Qatari citizen, or by the residence permit number for a foreigner resident in Qatar
  • Bahrain, OECD AEOI TIN sheet: there is no general taxation on the personal income of individuals or corporations, therefore no TINs are issued in the context of CRS
  • Saudi Arabia, OECD AEOI TIN sheet (2 May 2018): automatic issuance of TINs to all residents for tax purposes, individual: no
  • Oman, OECD AEOI TIN sheet: individuals are not automatically issued a TIN, personal income tax is not implemented
  • Section 90(5) of the Income-tax Act 1961: the basis on which Form 10F information is furnished

Frequently asked questions

Common questions

Your government-issued identification number. Field (iv) asks for your tax identification number and, where there is no such number, then a unique number on the basis of which the person is identified by the Government of that country. Your Emirates ID, CPR, Civil ID, QID or Iqama number is exactly that, so it is the correct entry rather than a workaround.

No, and the UAE says so itself: a VAT number may not be used in lieu of a TIN. A registration number identifies a business for a particular tax, not you as a resident individual. If a form you filed earlier carries a TRN in that field, it is worth correcting before the deductor relies on it.

No. The UAE states that its TRCs do not carry a TIN, and a certificate without one is still a valid certificate. It simply means the N.A. route under Note 2 is not open to you, so field (iv) takes your national ID instead.

Yes. Form 41, filed under section 159(8) with rule 75, carries the same fallback for someone whose country issues no tax identification number. The forms overlap by year rather than switching over, so for a while you may file Form 10F for one year and Form 41 for the next.

Because it is usually describing the FATCA and CRS self-certification your bank asks for, which is a separate regime with its own treatment of a missing tax ID. Form 10F answers the question in its own field text. Advice written for one form does not carry to the other, and conflating them is why the sources appear to contradict each other.

The exceptions that change the answer

Where the general rule stops applying to you

Every rule below has a carve-out, a cut-off date or a condition that flips the answer. These are the ones that decide real cases.

UAE Tax Residency Certificate: presence requirement

Right now: 183 days of physical presence in the UAE, plus a valid residence visa and Emirates ID

Where it works differently

You hold a Golden Visa but spend most of the year elsewhere
A visa alone does not get you a TRC. The FTA tests physical presence against the ICA travel log.
Presence is evidenced, not asserted.
There is no UAE personal income tax to point to
That is not a bar. Green Emirate Shipping held 'liable to tax' means the state has the RIGHT to tax you, not that it collected anything.
The case the whole Gulf corridor rests on.
The Indian financial year straddles two UAE certificates
You may need two TRCs to cover one Indian FY, since the UAE certificate is issued for its own period.
Calendar vs financial year mismatch.

Commonly got wrong

  • A UAE residence visa is enough for treaty benefit. The FTA requires 183 days of evidenced physical presence, and India requires the TRC itself under s.90(4).You need 183 days of physical presence evidenced by your ICA travel report, plus the Emirates ID and visa, before the FTA will issue a TRC.

India's automatic exchange of financial account information

Right now: FATCA in force: Indian banks and funds report US persons' accounts to the IRS via India's Form 61B channel

Where it works differently

A US-citizen or green-card-holder NRI holds an Indian bank or mutual-fund account
The account is reported to the IRS under FATCA even though the person files Indian returns as an NRI. It is dual reporting, not either/or.
FATCA reporting turns on US-person status, independent of Indian residential status.

Commonly got wrong

  • CRS covers the US too, so a US-based NRI is exchanged under CRS. The US is not a CRS participant. US persons are caught only under FATCA.A UK, UAE or Canada NRI is reported under CRS; a US-person NRI is reported under FATCA.

Stuck on the tax ID field because your country does not issue one?

Send us your TRC and your national ID. A practising CA will file the form the way the certificate reads, and follow the treaty rate through to your deductor.

No card, no obligation. All certification and filing work is handled by ICAI-registered practising Chartered Accountants.