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Japan NRIs · NRO TDS Recovery

NRO account TDS recovery for NRIs in Japan

Your Indian bank deducts tax on NRO interest at the full non-resident rate. The India-Japan treaty lets you bring it down and reclaim the excess.

If you live in Japan and hold an NRO fixed deposit or savings account in India, your bank deducts tax at source on the interest at 30%, the default non-resident rate under Section 393(2) (Section 195 until 31 March 2026). The India-Japan tax treaty caps that interest withholding at 10% (Article 11), so for most Japan NRIs the gap between the two is over-withheld tax you're entitled to recover. To claim the lower rate you file Form 41, which replaced Form 10F on 1 April 2026, backed by a Tax Residency Certificate from your country of residence. Anything already over-deducted comes back as a refund when you file your Indian return.
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India-Japan key facts: nro tds recovery

Default non-resident TDS rate30%
India-Japan DTAA treaty rate10%
Your saving via the treaty20%
Treaty article / basisArticle 11: 10% with TRC + Form 10F
Your TRC issuing authoritythe National Tax Agency (NTA)

Rates reflect India's domestic withholding under Section 393(2) (Section 195 until 31 March 2026) and the India-Japan treaty. Surcharge and cess apply on top where relevant.

How it works on the India side

Indian banks deduct TDS on NRO interest at the 30% non-resident rate plus surcharge and cess, under Section 393(2) (Section 195 until 31 March 2026). Where India has a treaty with your country that caps interest lower, Form 41 (formerly Form 10F) and a Tax Residency Certificate lodged with the bank get you that capped rate on future interest. Where there is no treaty, there is nothing to claim down to, so the same paperwork changes nothing and the 30% stands.

A lower-deduction certificate is the one piece of paperwork that works at the bank either way. You apply on Form 128 under Section 395 (the old Form 13 under Section 197) through the TRACES portal, and it is open to non-residents on interest. Where your estimated Indian tax for the year is below what the bank is deducting, the Assessing Officer can certify a lower or nil rate, which the bank then applies to future interest.

The refund route is the same either way, and it's your Indian return. The bank's TDS shows against your PAN in Form 26AS and the AIS, you work out what you actually owe (the treaty rate where one applies, otherwise your slab rate, because NRO interest is ordinary slab income), and the excess comes back with interest under Section 244A. Years you never filed can often still be reached: CBDT Circular 11/2024 lets you apply for condonation under Section 119(2)(b) of the 1961 Act, the law that governs the years you're reclaiming, up to five years from the end of that assessment year, though a refund allowed that way carries no Section 244A interest.

What changes because you live in Japan

For your first five years in Japan as a foreign national you're a non-permanent resident (非永住者), so Japan taxes this Indian income only to the extent you bring money into Japan. Shares bought after you land are the exception: taxed in full, remitted or not. From year six you're taxed on worldwide income, with credit for Indian tax paid. The trap is a second filing, nothing to do with income: once you're past that status and your assets outside Japan top 50 million yen on 31 December, the Report of Foreign Assets (国外財産調書) is due by 30 June, months after your March kakutei shinkoku is filed and forgotten. Your Indian flat, NRO and NRE balances and demat holdings all count toward that 50 million. Miss it and the understatement penalty on the related tax goes up 5%, filing on time cuts it 5%, and missing it without good reason can mean up to a year in prison or a fine up to 500,000 yen.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions from Japan NRIs

By default your bank deducts 30% under Section 393(2), the non-resident rate. With a valid Form 41 and a Tax Residency Certificate from the National Tax Agency (NTA), the India-Japan treaty brings that down to 10% on the interest. Anything deducted above the treaty rate before your paperwork was on file can be reclaimed through your Indian return.

Yes. The over-withheld amount is reclaimed by filing your Indian income tax return: the bank's TDS shows against your PAN in Form 26AS, you compute the tax actually due at the 10% treaty rate, and the excess is refunded with Section 244A interest.

Two documents: a Tax Residency Certificate issued by the National Tax Agency (NTA), and Form 41, the successor to Form 10F, filed on the Indian e-filing portal. Together they tell your bank to apply the India-Japan treaty rate of 10% instead of the 30% default. The TRC has to be renewed for each period it covers, otherwise the bank reverts to the full rate.

Go further

Read the full guide, or see your country's complete picture

DTAA TDS recovery serviceJapan NRI tax guide: every income type and the rates that apply

NRO TDS Recovery sorted, by an Indian CA who works with Japan NRIs

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